What Are the Main Causes of Dry Eye?

Dry eye syndrome is a common condition that affects millions of people, leading to discomfort, irritation, and potential vision problems. It occurs when the eyes do not produce enough tears or when tears evaporate too quickly, leaving the surface of the eyes dry and inflamed. Understanding the main causes of dry eye can help individuals take steps to prevent or manage the condition effectively.

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD)

Meibomian glands, located along the eyelid margins, produce the oily layer of the tear film, which prevents tears from evaporating too quickly. When these glands become clogged or dysfunctional, the tear film loses its stability, leading to increased tear evaporation and dry eye symptoms. MGD is one of the most common causes of evaporative dry eye.
 

Aging

As people age, their tear production naturally decreases. This is particularly common in individuals over the age of 50, as the glands responsible for producing tears become less efficient. Women going through hormonal changes, such as menopause, are especially susceptible to dry eye due to shifts in estrogen and androgen levels.
 

Environmental Factors

Exposure to wind, dry air, smoke, and air conditioning can increase tear evaporation, contributing to dry eye symptoms. Prolonged screen time also plays a significant role, as people tend to blink less when focusing on digital devices, reducing the distribution of tears across the eye’s surface.
 

Contact Lens Wear

Wearing contact lenses for extended periods can contribute to dry eye by affecting the tear film and reducing tear production. Some individuals may develop contact lens-related dryness due to irritation or poor lens fit, making it essential to use lenses designed for dry eye sufferers or switch to glasses when necessary.
 

Medical Conditions

Certain autoimmune diseases, such as Sjögren’s syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus, can interfere with tear production, leading to chronic dry eye. Other conditions, including diabetes and thyroid disorders, can also contribute to dry eye symptoms by affecting nerve function and tear gland activity.
 

Medications

Several medications can cause or worsen dry eye by reducing tear production or altering the tear film composition. Common culprits include antihistamines and decongestants, which can dry out mucous membranes, including those in the eyes. Antidepressants, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants, can interfere with nerve signals that stimulate tear production. Diuretics, commonly prescribed for high blood pressure, can reduce fluid levels in the body, leading to decreased tear production. Beta-blockers, used to treat conditions such as hypertension and glaucoma, may reduce tear secretion by affecting the autonomic nervous system.
 

LASIK or Other Eye Surgeries

Refractive surgeries like LASIK and PRK can sometimes disrupt the nerves in the cornea, temporarily reducing tear production. While most patients experience only short-term dryness, some may have persistent symptoms that require treatment.
 

Find Dry Relief at Professional VisionCare

Dry eye is a multifactorial condition influenced by age, environment, lifestyle, medical conditions, and even eye surgeries. Identifying the underlying cause is key to finding the most effective treatment and relief. Whether your symptoms stem from meibomian gland dysfunction, prolonged screen time, or medication side effects, addressing the root cause can help improve eye comfort and overall eye health.
 

If you're experiencing symptoms of dry eye, our team at Professional VisionCare can help. We offer comprehensive eye exams and personalized treatment options to manage and alleviate dry eye discomfort. Schedule an appointment today to find lasting relief and protect your vision. Call our offices in Westerville or Lewis Center at (614) 898-9989 or Johnstown at (740) 967-2936, or book an appointment online today.